Johann Nepomuk Kafka (1858–1922) was an Austrian composer and conductor, primarily associated with the late Romantic and early modern classical music styles. He is often recognized for his contributions to orchestral and chamber music, as well as his operatic works. Kafka's music reflects the influences of his contemporaries, showcasing intricate harmonies and lyrical melodies. Notable works include his symphonic poems, chamber pieces, and operas such as "Der Prozeß" (The Trial), which is inspired by Franz Kafka's literary themes, although there is no direct collaboration between the two. His compositions often explore psychological and existential themes, mirroring the literary movements of his time. Though not as widely known as some of his peers, Kafka's impact lies in his ability to bridge traditional Romantic music with the emerging modernist trends of the early 20th century. His work contributes to the understanding of the evolution of classical music during a period of significant change, paving the way for future composers to explore more abstract and avant-garde forms. Kafka remains a figure of interest for those studying the intersection of music and early 20th-century literary movements.